Schools have been the main context for physical activity and sedentary behavior interventions among adolescents, but there is inconsistent evidence on whether they also improve dimensions of the health−related quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based active lifestyle intervention on dimensions of HRQoL. A secondary aim was to verify whether sex, age, and HRQoL at baseline were moderators of the intervention effect. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted at three control and (...) three intervention schools in Florianopolis, Brazil. All students from 7th to 9th grade were invited to participate. A school year intervention, designed primarily to increase PA and reduce SB, included strategies focused on teacher training on PA, SB, and nutrition, and availability of teaching materials related to these contents; environmental improvements ; and education strategies, with the availability of folders and posters regarding PA, SB, and nutrition. Participants and the research staffs were not blinded to group assignment, but a standardized evaluation protocol was applied at baseline and after the intervention using the KIDSCREEN−27 to assess HRQoL across five dimensions. Mixed linear models were performed to evaluate the effect of the Movimente intervention on the five HRQoL dimensions. Of the 921 students who answered the questionnaire at baseline, 300 and 434 completed the study in control and intervention groups, respectively. The results revealed no significant effects of the intervention on any HRQoL dimensions. A reduction of the school environment dimension was observed in both the control and intervention groups. Sensitivity analyses showed that students in the highest baseline tertiles of HRQoL in any dimension had a reduction in their respective scores from pre- to post-intervention in both school groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated no intervention effect on HRQoL dimensions and those students with the highest levels of HRQoL at baseline on all dimensions reduced from pre to post-intervention.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe trial is registered at the Clinical Trial Registry. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é o de aproximar o pensamento espinosano dos estudos organizacionais críticos, tendo como fio condutor a servidão nas organizações. Para tanto, analisamos o pensamento de Espinosa e discutimos o entrelaçamento de sua ontologia e de sua abordagem política para se compreender temas caros aos estudos críticos, como a liberdade e a servidão. O artigo, além de problematizar o voluntário do oximoro da servidão voluntária, realiza uma ancoragem no pensamento espinosano para compreender criticamente a relação indivíduo-empresa nas (...) organizações contemporâneas, configurando-se como resistência à dominação e ao totalitarismo do modelo neoliberal. (shrink)

Proof assistants are software-based tools that are used in the mechanization of proof construction and validation in mathematics and computer science, and also in certified program development. Different such tools are being increasingly used in order to accelerate and simplify proof checking, and the Coq proof assistant is one of the most well known and used in large-scale projects. Language and automata theory is a well-established area of mathematics, relevant to computer science foundations and information technology. In particular, context-free language (...) theory is of fundamental importance in the analysis, design, and implementation of computer programming languages. This work describes a formalization effort, using the Coq proof assistant, of fundamental results of the classical theory of contextfree grammars and languages. These include closure properties (union, concatenation, and Kleene star), grammar simplification (elimination of useless symbols, inaccessible symbols, empty rules, and unit rules), the existence of a Chomsky Normal Form for context-free grammars and the Pumping Lemma for context-free languages. The result is an important set of libraries covering the main results of context-free language theory, with more than 500 lemmas and theorems fully proved and checked. As it turns out, this is a comprehensive formalization of the classical context-free language theory in the Coq proof assistant and includes the formalization of the Pumping Lemma for context-free languages. The perspectives for the further development of this work are diverse and can be grouped in three different areas: inclusion of new devices and results, code extraction, and general enhancements of its libraries. (shrink)

O artigo pretende tratar, de forma resumida, como a filosofia de Hegel, ao contrário de boa parte das interpretações canônicas, tenta dar conta dos problemas reais da política e sociedade alemãs. Da mesma forma a filosofia sartreana tenta dar respostas do mesmo cunho à cena concreta da vida francesa. Tendo em vista esses dois fatores apresenta-se o pensamento hegeliano, a sua recepção por Sartre e os possíveis aportes entre as duas teorias.

The Hilbert space formalism is a powerful language to express many cognitive phenomena. Here, relevant concepts from signal detection theory are recast in that language, allowing an empirically testable extension of the quantum probability formalism to psychophysical measures, such as detectability and discriminability.

Nesse artigo analisamos alguns aspectos do Programa Um Computador por Aluno (UCA), recentemente implantado na rede municipal de ensino de Erechim (RS), buscando apresentar reflexões sobre as possibilidades desse Programa à formação docente e lançando luzes para as implicações dessa formação nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem e na promoção da inclusão digital na escola pública. Nosso estudo sinaliza que a inclusão digital tornou-se desafio e compromisso no referido município, ao tempo que a formação tecnológica de professores é entendida como (...) prioridade para que essa inclusão se concretize. O estudo mostra que mudanças estruturais e pedagógicas são vislumbradas pelos professores, os quais sugerem a necessidade de formação tecnológica contínua para que possam mudar suas práticas, e, ainda, que a inclusão digital é entendida pelos gestores e docentes como via para a qualificação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Para tanto, entendemos que o processo de inclusão digital precisa fomentar novas formas de conhecimento e participação social para professores e estudantes. (shrink)

Scientific inquiry possibly shares with people's ordinary understanding the same evolutionary determinants, and affect-laden intuitions that shape moral judgments also play a decisive role in decision-making, planning, and scientific reasoning. Therefore, if ordinary understanding does differ from scientific inquiry, the reason does not reside in the fact that the former (but not the latter) is endowed with moral considerations.

An attention shift from a stationary to a changing object has to occur in feature space, in order to bind these stimuli into a unitary percept. This time-consuming shift leads to the perception of a changing stimulus further ahead along its trajectory. This attentional framework is able to accommodate the flash-lag effect in its multiple empirical manifestations.

The main objective of this work is to understand the daily practices of user management in post-reformist devices in the Brazilian mental health field. Through Foucault's genealogical work on government practices, understood as forms of conducting the behavior of others, it is possible to open a possible field for the study of the practices of psi knowledge, considering them as forms of management that act by through the free and natural acts of individuals. More specifically, our goal is to examine (...) day-to-day practices on some reformist devices such as CAPS through user files. Basically, two driving models have been found in the new devices: 1) Cases with frank intervention of production of commitments and agreements with users, seeking the entry of this to varied activities and political leadership ; 2) Cases with little response from the user, in which the forms of conduction are implemented by policies of inclusion of family members and close reference characters in the management of the patient's life. (shrink)

This paper intents to analyze the influence of John Dewey’s ideas in the movement that defended the educationl renovation in Brazil at the end of the 1920s and in the 1930s. For this, it explains two trends of that movement: the first is described by the metaphor of industrial or mechanical efficiency, whose emphasis was in the power derived from the disciplinary idea of progress, which was embedded in the process of rationalization of the social relations submitted by a factory (...) model; the second, developed by influence of Dewey, is characterized by a project of democratization of society and school that prevented the individual massification and the adoption of the rationalizing model inspired by the factory without any criticism. When Dewey was put in the center of the debate on political, pedagogical and social goals of the Brazilian New School, he was called to introduce a series of concepts that helped to find the balance between the respect for individuality and the observation of the social needs. (shrink)

For the philosopher Ivan Illich, society became a set of systems rather than a group of people. As such, society depersonalizes life and brings the need for open non-systematized spaces where people can act and interact outside their typical roles. On the other hand, an absence of formal structures may simply open spaces for the informal reproduction of society’s already well-established structures. Given this conjuncture, can systems be designed to foster personal expression? The answer I found in cybernetics is self-organization, (...) a process of adaptation to a context that can grow different organizations depending on what this context provides. This implies that personal expression is a concern in society’s emergent organizations, calling for meta planning to design the context of some of society’s self-organization processes. The cybernetician Gordon Pask argued that depersonalization follows from non-conversational communications, like the ones that develop in large committees. In response, Pask’s fellow cybernetician Stafford Beer proposed a meeting protocol called Team Syntegrity allowing large groups to subdivide into small integrated discussion groups. While Beer’s work has been extensively discussed in existent literature, this article presents the results of four experiments conducted by using variations of Beer’s protocol to understand both the ease with which it can be adapted to different situations, and the implications of its conversational structure on personal expression. The experiment’s realization demonstrates that the protocol’s preparation is laborious and hard to adapt in a timely manner in situations where participant numbers fluctuate. Automation of these processes, however, offers possibilities to use the approach in loosely organized groups. Automation can also help choosing the most appropriate protocol for particular situations through the manipulation of its configuration. Despite difficulties, the protocol offers promise for different purposes, encouraging personal expression in a way that reverberates with others’ personal perspectives. (shrink)

Elementos para uma psicopedagogia da cultura digital 1 Resumo: a cultura digital é um paradigma emergente que coloca questões a serem tratadas pelas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. A educação é uma das áreas mais questionadas, exigindo-se dela uma constante renovação para acompanhar as mudanças que o mundo digital provoca no processo de aprendizagem. A psicopedagogia da cultura digital é uma proposta epistemológica de reflexão sobre o processo de aprendizagem permeado por desafios informacionais e comunicacionais. Nesta pesquisa, fazendo análise de (...) bibliografia no campo da psicopedagogia, mas também da teoria da comunicação e da filosofia da mente, propomos um quadro teórico que visa fundamentar tais exigências epistemológicas em educação. Apresentamos, por fim, alguns elementos teóricos, advindos das demandas da cultura digital, que permitem-nos pensar um outro paradigma psicopedagógico e outra abordagem da aprendizagem. Palavras-chave: Educação. Cultura Digital. Psicopedagogia. Epistemologia. Fundamentos da Educação. Elements towards a Psychopedagogy of Digital Culture Abstract: digital culture is an emerging paradigm that poses questions to be addressed by the most diverse areas of knowledge. Education is one of the most questioned areas, requiring a constant renewal to accompany the changes that the digital world causes in the learning process. The psychopedagogy of digital culture is an epistemological proposal of reflection on the learning process permeated by informational and communicational challenges. In this paper, making bibliographic analysis in the field of psychopedagogy, but also in the theory of communication and the philosophy of mind, we propose a theoretical framework that aims to base such epistemological demands on education. Finally, we present some theoretical elements, coming from the demands of digital culture, which allow us to think of another paradigm psychopedagogic and another approach to learning. Keywords: Education. Digital Culture. Psychopedagogy. Epistemology. Foundations of Education. Elementos hacia una Psicopedagogía de la Cultura Digital Resumen: La cultura digital es un paradigma emergente que pone cuestiones a ser tratadas por distintas áreas del conocimiento. La educación es una de las más cuestionadas, exigiéndose de ella una renovación continua a fin de acompañar los cambios que el mundo digital provoca en el proceso de aprendizaje. La psicopedagogía de la cultura digital es una propuesta epistemológica de reflexión sobre el mismo proceso de aprendizaje, traspasado por retos informacionales y comunicacionales. En esta recerca, haciendo uso de análisis bibliográfica en el campo de la psicopedagogía, así come de la teoría de la comunicación y de la filosofía de la mente, proponemos un cuadro teórico que intenta fundamentar tales exigencias epistemológicas en educación. Presentamos, al fin, algunos elementos teóricos, desde las demandas de la cultura digital, que nos permiten pensar otro paradigma psicopedagógico y otro abordaje del aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Educación. Cultura digital. Psicopedagogía. Epistemología. Fundamentos de la educación. Data de registro: 23/01/2021 Data de aceite: 22/09/2021 1 Pesquisa desenvolvida com financiamento CAPES. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo busca obter contribuições de Jacques Lacan para a educação, não em aspectos técnicos e metodológicos, mas no que se refere à constituição da subjetividade dos professores. A primeira seção analisa as reflexões lacanianas sobre a linguagem, assumindo seu vínculo com a Sofística, de um lado, seu distanciamento ante as teorizações de Aristóteles, de outro, e adotando Montaigne como intermediário para dialogar com Lacan. A segunda seção assume Freud como ponto de partida para entender o conceito lacaniano de (...) angústia, visando revelar seu potencial criativo mediante a noção de sublimação. O artigo propõe a performance como linguagem artística capaz de atuar sobre a subjetividade dos professores, o que só pode ser realizado com a adoção de uma pedagogia disposta a romper com os parâmetros vigentes na atualidade, cuja inclinação mercantilista faz da educação uma ferramenta voltada à inserção dos estudantes no mercado e vê os educadores como peças de uma engrenagem sem poder de decisão sobre si mesmos. Palavras-chaves: Lacan; Psicanálise; Sofística; Trabalho Docente Performance as logos-pharmakon: Lacan for teachers Abstract: This article seeks to draw contributions from Jacques Lacan to education, not in technical and methodological aspects, but in terms of the constitution of teachers’ subjectivity. The first section analyzes Lacan’s reflections on language, assuming firstly its link with Sophistry, secondly its distance from Aristotle’s theories and finally adopting Montaigne as an intermediary to dialogue with Lacan. The second section takes Freud as a starting point to understand the Lacanian concept of anguish, aiming to reveal its creative potential through the notion of sublimation. The article proposes performance as an artistic language capable of acting on the subjectivity of teachers, something that can only be achieved with the adoption of a pedagogy that breaks up with the parameters in force today, which tend towards mercantilism in making education a tool aimed at the insertion of students in the market and in seeing educators as cogs in a gear with no decision-making power over themselves. Keywords: Lacan; Psychoanalysis; Sophistry; Teaching Work Performance como logos-pharmakon: Lacan para professores Resumen: Este artículo busca obtener aportes de Jacques Lacan a la educación, no en aspectos técnicos y metodológicos, sino en cuanto a la constitución de la subjetividad de los docentes. El primer apartado analiza las reflexiones de Lacan sobre el lenguaje, asumiendo su vinculación con la Sofística, por un lado, su alejamiento de las teorías aristotélicas, por otro, y adoptando a Montaigne como intermediario para dialogar con Lacan. La segunda sección toma a Freud como punto de partida para comprender el concepto lacaniano de angustia, con el objetivo de revelar su potencial creativo a través de la noción de sublimación. El artículo propone la performance como un lenguaje artístico capaz de actuar sobre la subjetividad de los docentes, lo que sólo puede hacerse con la adopción de una pedagogía dispuesta a romper con los parámetros vigentes hoy, cuya inclinación mercantilista hace de la educación una herramienta dirigida a la inserción de estudiantes en el mercado y ve a los educadores como engranajes sin poder de decisión sobre sí mismos. Palabras clave: Lacan; Psicoanálisis; Sofistería; Trabajo Docente Data de registro: 06/07/2022 Data de aceite: 22/03/2023. (shrink)

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir a possibilidade de utilizar as tecnologias digitais online e as redes sociais como espaço de aprendizagem digital de uma maneira que favoreça a aprendizagem cooperativa entre os estudantes, alicerçado na Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget. Este estudo foi baseado em uma pesquisa-ação, nas aulas de Matemática, realizada com estudantes do ensino médio integrado em informática do IFRS – Campus Osório (RS), em 2011 e 2012-1. Os estudantes demonstraram apropriação deste espaço de aprendizagem digital, como o (...) Facebook, e apontaram que este potencializa a aprendizagem cooperativa no que tange à disciplina de Matemática, por ações colaborativas com a professora. (shrink)

The conjecture about the relationship between man and nature goes beyond simple theoretical reflection. On the contrary, it is a theme intrinsically rooted in practice. After all, the world around us is not a mere abstraction, but an imperative reality of our existence. With this in mind, the objective of this text is to seek, based on the medieval neoplatonic philosophy of John Scotus Eriugena, ways to reflect on this relationship that allow us to conjecture about our current condition as (...) humanity in the face of the environmental issues of our time. Demonstrating that, far from being an outdated thought, or stuck in its time, medieval philosophy, like all good philosophy, shows itself to be timeless and useful for reflecting on modern issues. Starting from this research premise, we will work on the concept of theophany presented by Eriugena in his philosophy, based on Periphyseon, establishing a sensible world that is not made as a simple copy or imperfect reflection of perfection, but as a manifestation of a divine principle that is established in creation. Thus, nature should not be thought of merely as a material value, but as a value of manifestation. It is not an object that is placed before us simply to be used and discarded, but to be appreciated, an appreciation that inspires reflection on the divine, on that which elevates us. Our objective here will therefore be to reflect on the importance of being inspired by a medieval philosophy that imposes itself on a relationship with nature that moves away from the view of the world as a simple object to be explored and begins to treat it from a new perspective that considers it as an object to be contemplated. That takes nature back from its sacralized character. In this way, we can question the predatory character of modern man towards nature from a medieval perspective that still holds much to clarify. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca analisar, a partir da leitura da obra De Quaerendo Deum, como a questão da luz se faz central no processo de elevação intelectual a partir do sensível na obra cusana. Nele iremos mostrar como a luz é o elo que guia o objeto sensível até o intelecto e o intelecto até Deus. Tomado esse objetivo, o artigo será dividido em duas partes, na primeira iremos abordar a questão central da obra De Docta Ignorantia, que é os (...) limites de se conhecer propriamente Deus e as essências das coisas. Vai se buscar a partir daí apresentar os fundamentos para o que será o papel da experiência estética em Cusa. A constatação do nosso limite em conhecer verdadeiramente o infinito e a Verdade geradora não são postos por Cusa como forma de desestimular a conjectura sobre elas, pelo contrário, é a partir dessa constatação que nos é possível, pela ignorância esclarecida, buscar mais propriamente nos aproximarmos, ainda que nunca cheguemos, dessas Verdades. Tomada essa base fundamental, trabalharemos no segundo tópico o ponto central aqui proposto, a saber, a importância da luz nesse processo. Focados principalmente na obra cusana De Quaerendo Deum iremos articular os conceitos de teofania e a importância da luz. A teofania será central para o conceito de anagogia através da contemplação estética, fundamentando como pode-se buscar conjecturar sobre o Criador a partir de sua manifestação na criação. Longe de ser um panteista a teoria cusana busca expressar que, apesar de inacessível em sua totalidade devido a sua própria natureza, o Deus cusano não se esconde, mas sim se manifesta na sua criação, sendo possível conjecturar sobre Ele a partir da percepção sensível sobre os objetos criados. Nesse sistema, a luz será explorada tanto enquanto luz sensível, como também enquanto a luz interior e principalmente a luz como manifestação e ligação com a divindade a partir do intelecto humano, dessa forma vai se mostrar como todo o processo de elevação a partir da contemplação sensível tem a presença da luz como parte essencial. Palavras chave: Cusa. Estética. Luz. Teofania. (shrink)

¿Qué relaciones se pueden establecer entre la Educación Matemática y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible a partir del estudio de una Escuela Rural? Esta es la pregunta orientadora de una investigación doctoral en la que pretendemos desarrollar la comprensión de aspectos de la Educación Matemática en los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas, a partir de un estudio en una Escuela Rural ubicada en el noroeste del estado de Río Grande del Sur/Brasil. Para (...) ello, en este artículo presentamos ideas relacionadas con la investigación en desarrollo. Para ello, discutimos ideas teóricas de la Etnomatemática en diálogo con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, además de presentar la escuela donde se produjeron los datos. También se discuten los resultados de un levantamiento bibliográfico de disertaciones y tesis en el área de Educación Matemática. Al realizar una búsqueda en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones, localizamos cinco estudios que brindan elementos iniciales para la discusión. de algunos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Estas producciones presentaron relaciones con el ODS 2 – Hambre cero y agricultura sostenible; ODS 3 – Salud y bienestar; ODS 4 – Educación de calidad; y ODS 12 – Producción y consumo responsables. Esperamos ampliar estas relaciones a través del desarrollo de la tesis, contribuyendo con reflexiones que atañen a aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales. (shrink)

Embora a distância temporal entre Agostinho e Freud possa apresentar dificuldades no que se refere a aproximações conceituais, a tentativa deste artigo é reconhecer alguns conjuntos significantes que se estruturam em torno principalmente das noções de memória e de inconsciente. A finalidade de tal procedimento é identificar no que poderíamos chamar de uma antropologia, seja ela agostiniana ou freudiana, elementos para a crítica do sujeito da modernidade. Assim, serāo examinados o conceito de inconsciente freudiano e o de memória agostiniana e (...) a sua referência a conteúdos latentes da mente, para em seguida ser pontuado o diferencial da memória agostiniana como sede de sabedoria e de transcendência, ideia ausente na teoria freudiana. Enquanto em Freud o sujeito fica desabrigado de si, não sendo senhor da própria casa, em Agostinho verifica-se a saída-de-si em direção a um ‘eu’ mais que ‘eu’. Ambos os autores se dedicam a investigar dimensões ocultas e desconhecidas da subjetividade, buscando lhes atribuir alguma inteligibilidade. Com isso explicitam-se elementos para uma crítica dessa “invenção “da modernidade, isto é, o sujeito tido como autossuficiente e autocentrado. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2016 Heft: 209 Seiten: 301-321.

In A moral theory of sports, Richard J. Severson examines modern sports and modern morality from the lens of evolutionary psychology. The author’s primary goals are to interpret modern sport as...

Brazilian writer Carolina Maria de Jesus (1914–1977) was born in a rural community and spent most of her life in a slum. Despite this, her literary work achieved remarkable editorial success, having its value recognized by critics and academic circles. This paper analyzes Carolina Maria de Jesus’s autobiographical narratives in the light of John Dewey’s aesthetic theory, with the purpose of investigating the factors responsible for the development of her aesthetic sensitivity – intellectual and emotional dispositions favorable to involvement with (...) artistic practices. The results suggest that Carolina Maria de Jesus’s literary skills, which express not only individual but also collective yearnings, resulted from the incentive she received to think about things that do not exist and from her relationship with people who favored the formation of a personality open to varied experiences. Such results are presented as requirements for a democratic and humanist education that aims at the flowering of aesthetic sensitivity and encourages educators and students to believe in their creative potential. (shrink)

Os escritos de Evágrio Pôntico, monge do século IV, embora não constituindo um sistema filosófico, são de capital importância para compreendermos o desenvolvimento da cultura ocidental. No presente trabalho, todavia, operamos um corte epistemológico diferente. Buscamos na sua obra Tratado Prático, primeira parte de uma trilogia de teologia espiritual, elementos de uma doutrina psicológica que, é o que pretendemos demonstrar, se constitui em verdadeira terapêutica. Assim, exploramos alguns conceitos fundamentais dessa obra, tais como os de impassibilidade, de pensamentos passionais, e (...) o de paixões, e também doutrinas importantes, como a da divisão tripartite da alma e a demonologia evagriana. (shrink)

This work relates L. S. Vygotsky’s theory to the rhetorical and poetic pedagogy, which is a set of educational ideas and practices derived from the philosophical-educational tradition initiated by the Sophists. It is verified that the Vygotskyan concepts contribute to broaden the foundations of poetic and rhetorical pedagogy, presenting a psychology of language that integrates decorum, kairos and antilogical argumentation within aesthetic experiences; communication sustains knowledge and reflection of reality, aiming at the strengthening of the individual’s identity, the education of (...) the creative subject and the improvement of the collective. It is considered that the rhetorical and poetic character of Vygotsky’s theory encourages the contemporary school to be a space for investigation and search for creative solutions, contradicting the measurementist pedagogical tendencies that dehumanize education. (shrink)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir a filosofia da experiência de John Dewey, enfatizando suas concepções sobre experiência, experiência educativa e propósito. Além disso, apresentar e discutir como os projetos de programação desenvolvidos por crianças no Scratch podem ser entendidos como um propósito no contexto de sua filosofia, o que nos levou a relacionar o conceito de propósito construído por Dewey à ideia de projeto pessoal desenvolvida por Papert, no âmbito do construcionismo. Tal relação se torna importante para (...) ampliar as investigações que tratam problemáticas relacionadas ao ensino de programação na educação básica. A fim de exemplificar as possíveis relações, apresentamos um projeto de programação desenvolvido por um aluno do quinto ano do ensino fundamental, reconhecendo nele os pressupostos teóricos da teoria de Dewey discutidos no texto, relacionando-os às ideias de Papert. (shrink)

Este artigo analisa as relações entre as filosofias de John Dewey e Aristóteles, tomando como objeto de estudo o livro Logic: the theory of inquiry. Nesse livro, publicado em 1938, Dewey conclui suas reflexões sobre a teoria lógica apresentadas principalmente em Como pensamos, obra que mostra a relevância desse tema para a educação. A primeira parte do artigo é composta por um breve histórico da lógica, desde Aristóteles até o início do século XX; as duas partes seguintes apresentam o argumento (...) do autor acerca da lógica aristotélica; a quarta parte expõe a teoria proposta por Dewey e as duas últimas seções analisam como Dewey vê Aristóteles, considerando a via interpretativa oriunda da escolástica e o movimento contemporâneo de revisão das ideias aristotélicas. No intuito de oferecer contribuições para futuros estudos, o trabalho também discute a apropriação de Aristóteles por Dewey e sugere algumas hipóteses sobre esse tema. (shrink)

Formative intervention methodologies, such as the Change Laboratory, are increasingly being used in work environments. However, the learning process entailed in the application of these methodologies has received insufficient attention and may be facilitated through the use of learning platforms. We examined the development of learning and training strategies for implementing formative interventions, drawing on the experiences of a research group focusing on workers’ health. Information obtained from individuals involved in CL formative activities was analyzed and interpreted using Cultural-Historical Activity (...) Theory and the theory of expansive learning. The process of learning to implement formative interventions unfolded gradually, beginning with the interventionists’ initial exposure to abstract concepts that they subsequently internalized via various mediations and applied in concrete situations. Four key interventionist training strategies used to foster collective learning were identified: promoting dialogues and exchange of experiences, creating environments for continuous learning and permanent discussion, creating spaces for experimentation and the practical application of concepts, and the use of the double stimulation method during training programs. (shrink)

Vector spaces over fields are pseudofinite, and this remains true for vector spaces over division rings that are finite-dimensional over their center. We also construct a division ring such that the nontrivial vector spaces over it are not pseudofinite, using Richard Thompson's group F. The idea behind the construction comes from a first-order axiomatization of the class of division rings all whose nontrivial vector spaces are pseudofinite.

The definition of a pseudofinite structure can be translated verbatim into continuous logic, but it also gives rise to a stronger notion and to two parallel concepts of pseudocompactness. Our purpose is to investigate the relationship between these four concepts and establish or refute each of them for several basic theories in continuous logic. Pseudofiniteness and pseudocompactness turn out to be equivalent for relational languages with constant symbols, and the four notions coincide with the standard pseudofiniteness in the case of (...) classical structures, but the details appear to be slightly more important here than in the usual translation of definitions from classical logic. We also prove that injective “formula-definable” endofunctions are surjective, and conversely, in strongly pseudofinite omega-saturated structures. (shrink)

Neste artigo, abordamos o processo de construção da educação das relações raciais a partir de uma perspectiva analítica que tem como elemento central a história da educação dos negros, no Brasil. Dessa forma, construímos um percurso que trata de diferentes momentos em relação ao processo de incorporação dos negros à sociedade brasileira, especificamente o tráfico de africanos escravizados, a abolição da escravidão e a constituição do movimento negro como sujeito coletivo. Analisamos esses eventos procurando destacar seu significado educacional e suas (...) implicações na construção do movimento negro como um agente transformador da sociedade. O ponto culminante da análise foi o processo de aprovação da Lei 10.639/2003 e a construção de uma política pública voltada para reconfiguração da educação das relações raciais. Destacamos esse processo como uma das mais importantes transformações pela qual passou a educação brasileira, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento da diversidade, o combate ao racismo e às desigualdades raciais. (shrink)

For any group satisfying a suitable chain condition, we construct a finitely additive measure on it that is invariant under certain actions.

Vector spaces over fields are pseudofinite, and this remains true for vector spaces over division rings that are finite-dimensional over their center. We also construct a division ring such that the nontrivial vector spaces over it are not pseudofinite, using Richard Thompson's group F. The idea behind the construction comes from a first-order axiomatization of the class of division rings all whose nontrivial vector spaces are pseudofinite.

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at (...) menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training. Subsequently, anthropometric measurements were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics. Fifty-nine players were postmenarche-trained and 52 were premenarche-trained. Eighteen, 65, and 28 were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 and 1 had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three, 23, and 9 reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. (shrink)

ContextPeople with mental disorders can acquire long-term disabilities, which could impair their functioning and quality of life (QoL), requiring permanent care and social support. Systematic data on QoL and functioning, which could support a better management of these people, were not available.ObjectiveTo analyze the QoL, level of functioning and their association with sociodemographic and clinical factors of people with mental disorders who underwent deinstitutionalization using assisted living facilities.MethodsA Cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and July 2019, through interviews using (...) the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) to determine the QoL scores, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) to determine the level of functioning. All adults (≥18 years old) with mental disorders, who underwent deinstitutionalization, users of assisted living facilities and assisted by the Psychosocial Assistance Centers III, in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were selected. For statistical analysis of the associated factors, Student’st-test was used for dichotomous variables and ANOVA for polynomial variables. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between QoL and functioning scores.ResultsOut of 359 people who underwent deinstitutionalization with mental disorders, 147 met the eligibility criteria. The mean total score for the WHOQOL-BREF was 66.5 ± 13.4 and the mean score for WHODAS 2.0 was 10.4 ± 7.6. An association was found between people who were studying (n= 65.8; 95%CI, 63.5–68.1vs. n= 73.9; 95%CI, 67.5–80.3;p= 0.04) and better WHOQOL-BREF QoL scores or WHODAS 2.0 levels of functioning (n= 10.9; 95%CI, 9.6–12.2vs. n= 5.1; 95%CI, 2.5–7.7;p= 0.01). A weak negative correlation (r= 0.41) emerged between higher QoL scores and functioning improvement.ConclusionThis study indicates that the QoL of the sample is associated by their functioning levels, which, in turn, may reflect on their social interactions. Public policies that favor interventions increasing socialization of this population can result in better health outcomes. The QoL and functioning scores provide valuable insights to develop public policies more suited to this population profile. (shrink)

As virtudes sociais são sem dúvida alguma fundamentais para preservar a harmonia e o desenvolvimento social, bem como a nossa autorrealização. Apesar de nunca ter escrito um tratado filosófico sobre este argumento, recorrendo à sua obra, Mediações, podem-se conhecer as virtudes sociais às quais o filósofo e imperador romano, Marco Aurélio, dá mais importância, a fim de garantir-se o bem-comum. Portanto, neste artigo, exponho estas virtudes sociais, mostrando, assim, como elas fundamentais para criar-se uma sociedade mais harmónica.

Psychologism is defined as “the doctrine that the laws of mathematics and logic can be reduced to or depend on the laws governing thinking” (Moran & Cohen, 2012 266). And for Husserl, the laws of logic include the laws of meaning: “logic evidently is the science of meanings as such [Wissenschaft von Bedeutungen als solchen]” (Husserl ( 1975 ) 98/2001 225). I argue that, since it is sufficient for a theory to be psychologistic if the empiricistic theory of abstraction is (...) employed, it follows that neural networks are psychologistic insofar as they use this theory of abstraction, which I demonstrate is the case (Husserl ( 1975 ) 191/2001 120). It’s sufficient for psychologism because, according to Husserl, the theory in question reduces one’s phenomenological ability to intend types (or universals) to one’s past history of intending tokens (or particulars), usually amalgamated in some fashion (classically via associations; recently via autoencoders) (ibid; Kelleher, 2019 ). Similarly dynamical systems theory entails psychologism. For dynamical systems theory ties content to the temporal evolution of a system, which, according to Husserl, violates the fact that intentionality toward validities and objectivities does not pertain to "particular temporal experience[s]" (Husserl ( 1975 ) 194/2001 121). It follows that neither the species (neural networks), nor the genus (dynamical systems), can avoid psychologism and intend objects "in specie" (ibid). After critiquing these two approaches, I proceed to give an account based on the essentialist school of cognitive psychology of how we may intend objects "in specie" while avoiding the empiricistic theory of abstraction (Keil, 1989, Carey, 2009, Marcus & Davis, 2019 ). Such an account preserves the type-token distinction without psychologistic reduction to the temporal evolution of a dynamical system (Hinzen, 2006 ). This opens the way toward a truly unifying account of Husserlian phenomenology in league with cognitive science that avoids Yoshimi's ( 2016 ) and neurophenomenology's psychologistic foundation (herein demonstrated) and builds upon Sokolowski's ( 2003 ) syntactic account of Husserlian phenomenology. (shrink)

O tema principal deste trabalho é a análise de contradições da política brasileira contemporânea à luz da Teoria Crítica.

The representations of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are formed from generalizing similarities and abstracting from differences in the manner of the empiricist theory of abstraction (Buckner, Synthese 195:5339–5372, 2018). The empiricist theory of abstraction is well understood to entail infinite regress and circularity in content constitution (Husserl, Logical Investigations. Routledge, 2001). This paper argues these entailments hold a fortiori for deep CNNs. Two theses result: deep CNNs require supplementation by Quine’s “apparatus of identity and quantification” in order to (1) (...) achieve concepts, and (2) represent objects, as opposed to “half-entities” corresponding to similarity amalgams (Quine, Quintessence, Cambridge, 2004, p. 107). Similarity amalgams are also called “approximate meaning[s]” (Marcus & Davis, Rebooting AI, Pantheon, 2019, p. 132). Although Husserl inferred the “complete abandonment of the empiricist theory of abstraction” (a fortiori deep CNNs) due to the infinite regress and circularity arguments examined in this paper, I argue that the statistical learning of deep CNNs may be incorporated into a Fodorian hybrid account that supports Quine’s “sortal predicates, negation, plurals, identity, pronouns, and quantifiers” which are representationally necessary to overcome the regress/circularity in content constitution and achieve objective (as opposed to similarity-subjective) representation (Burge, Origins of Objectivity. Oxford, 2010, p. 238). I base myself initially on Yoshimi’s (New Frontiers in Psychology, 2011) attempt to explain Husserlian phenomenology with neural networks but depart from him due to the arguments and consequently propose a two-system view which converges with Weiskopf’s proposal (“Observational Concepts.” The Conceptual Mind. MIT, 2015. 223–248). (shrink)

Logic and linguistics have engaged in a many-faceted dialogue since the very beginnings of both disciplines in Antiquity. While participants may have had diverse views over the ages, arguably, the dialogue has always revolved around the relationship between human thought and natural language. While there are those who see these two domains as one and the same, or as a case of one-directional influence , we beg to differ. To us, the long historical tradition of authors such as Arnauld, Boole, (...) Turing, or Jespersen demonstrates the much richer perspectives on language and reasoning that are needed, including connections with intelligence and computability.Another major historical theme in the above dialogue are similarities or convergences between natural and artificial languages. It is clear that natural languages are not only semantically broader, but also much closer to human communication than artificial languages, and so linguistic grammars have long dealt with a larger set of problems than logical formalism. This specal issue of JoLLI consists six selected papers presented in the "Logic and Linguisics" Workshop in UNI-LOG 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, plus two papers by invited authors: Johan van Benthem, and Marcus Kracht and Uno Klein. It contains a number of samples of what is intriguing and promising work at the interfaces of logic and language. (shrink)

Em um de seus últimos artigos publicados na Folha de S. Paulo, Ferreira Gullar defendeu a necessidade de se reinventar uma nova utopia para o tempo presente: “por isso mesmo, o fim do regime comunista provocou um vazio ideológico, que necessita ser preenchido, uma vez que a sociedade humana, sem utopia, torna-se inviável”. Trata-se da última dentre tantas reviravoltas em sua saudosa trajetória intelectual. Diante disso, discutimos aqui uma das principais contribuições para esse debate, presente Em um rabo de foguete: (...) trauma e cultura política em Ferreira Gullar, de Marcus Vinícius Furtado da Silva Oliveira. Neste livro, o autor procurou identificar e interpretar várias dessas reviravoltas presentes na vida intelectual do poeta e crítico literário maranhense. Notoriamente, algo que poderia enfraquecer o argumento de uma de suas teses centrais - no caso, o cancelamento das utopias em Ferreira Gullar – ao contrário, acabou por trazer ainda mais relevância para o trabalho, coincidentemente publicado no mesmo ano do texto de Gullar. (shrink)

In the de Officiis we have, save for the latter Philippics, the great orator's last contribution to literature. The last, sad, troubled years of his busy life could not be given to his profession; and he turned his never-resting thoughts to the second love of his student days and made Greek philosophy a possibility for Roman readers. The senate had been abolished; the courts had been closed. His occupation was gone; but Cicero could not surrender himself to idleness. In those (...) days of distraction (46-43 b.c.) he produced for publication almost as much as in all his years of active life.The liberators had been able to remove the tyrant, but they could not restore the republic. Cicero's own life was in danger from the fury of mad Antony and he left Rome about the end of March, 44 b.c. He dared not even stop permanently in any one of his various country estates, but, wretched, wandered from one of his villas to another nearly all the summer and autumn through. He would not suffer himself to become a prey to his overwhelming sorrow at the death of the republic and the final crushing of the hopes that had risen with Caesar's downfall, but worked at the highest tension on his philosophical studies. (shrink)

School boosters are tax-exempt organizations that engage in fundraising efforts to provide public schools with supplementary resources. This paper argues that prevailing forms of school boosting are defeasibly unjust. Section 1 shows that inequalities in public education funding in the United States violate John Rawls’s two principles of domestic justice. Section 2 argues that prevailing forms of school boosting exacerbate and plausibly perpetuate these injustices. Section 3 then contends that boosting thereby defeasibly violates Rawlsian principles of nonideal theory for rectifying (...) injustice. Thus, boosting should be presumptively either made illegal or substantially reformed. Finally, Section 4 responds to potential objections. (shrink)

The contributors examine the distinctive aspects of American philosophy, cultural and historical experience.

Chapter 1 of this book argued that moral philosophy should be based on seven principles of theory selection adapted from the sciences. Chapter 2 argued that these principles support basing normative moral philosophy on a particular problem of diachronic instrumental rationality: the ‘problem of possible future selves.’ Chapter 3 argued that a new moral principle, the Categorical-Instrumental Imperative, is the rational solution to this problem. Chapter 4 argued that the Categorical-Instrumental Imperative has three equivalent formulations akin to but superior to (...) Kant’s formulations of the Categorical Imperative. Chapter 5 argued that my principle’s three formulations make it rational to adopt a Moral Original Position to derive moral principles. The present chapter derives Four Principles of Fairness from the Moral Original Position--principles of coercion minimization, mutual assistance, fair negotiation, and virtue—and unifies them into a single principle of rightness: Rightness as Fairness. Finally, this chapter argues that Rightness as Fairness entails a novel approach to applied ethics called ‘principled fair negotiation’, illustrating how the theory provides a plausible new framework for addressing applied cases including lying, suicide, trolleys, torture, distribution of scarce resources, poverty, and the ethical treatment of animals. (shrink)